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PsilodexMedication × psilocybin
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72Papers
4Textbooks
3State rules
01 State rulesOfficial text governs
COFinal · checked 2026-09-30

Colorado Natural Medicine (Office of Natural Medicine).
4 CCR 755-1.

Official text →

Applies to every participant regardless of medication: 2.2(A)(4), 6.15(C)(2)(c)(2), 6.16(F)(1), 6.17(C).

ORFinal · checked 2026-09-30

Oregon Psilocybin Services (Oregon Health Authority).
OAR 333-333-5050 and the Client Information Form.

Official text →

Applies to every participant regardless of medication: 333-333-5050(3)(b), 333-333-5050(3)(d).

NMPending · checked 2026-09-30

New Mexico Medical Psilocybin Program (Department of Health).
Proposed 7.35.3 NMAC.

Official text →
02 Product labels
372Records linked to an FDA label

US prescribing information or OTC Drug Facts, via DailyMed. Each record links its own label; flags and half-lives are checked against the label text.

13Records using non-US product information

For medications not sold in the US: the EU Summary of Product Characteristics or equivalent, linked per record.

03 Reference booksCited by page
Bazire S. Psychotropic Drug Directory 2018. Lloyd-Reinhold Publications, 2018. ISBN 978-0-9569156-4-1
Brunton LL, Knollmann BC (eds). Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 14th ed. McGraw Hill, 2023. ISBN 978-1-264-25807-9
Preston CL (ed). Stockley’s Drug Interactions, 11th ed. Pharmaceutical Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-85711-270-5
Taylor DM, Barnes TRE, Young AH. The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry, 15th ed. Wiley, 2025. ISBN 978-1-394-23876-7
04 Government and databases
FDA. Certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding that may present significant safety risks (updated 2026-04-22).
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), NIH. Research-topic pages (per-entry link).
NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health fact sheet (per-entry link)
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements fact sheet (per-entry link)
US Drug Enforcement Administration. Drug Fact Sheets (per-entry link).
US FDA consumer or public-health page (per-entry link)
NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP) Ki Database, University of North Carolina. Roth BL et al. (per-entry query link; primary references in note)
05 Papers72 · by first author
Abukahok N, Fitzgerald ND, Palamar JJ. An update on the epidemiology of tusi ("pink cocaine"). Curr Addict Rep 2025;12. doi:10.1007/s40429-025-00706-y
AJMC. FDA panel backs 6 peptides for compounding (PCAC, July 2026). link
Avula B, Wang YH, Rumalla CS, Smillie TJ, Khan IA. Simultaneous determination of alkaloids and flavonoids from aerial parts of Passiflora species and dietary supplements using UPLC-UV-MS and HPTLC. Nat Prod Commun 2012;7(9):1177-80. link
Barnett BS, Koons CJ, Van den Eynde V, et al. Hypertensive emergency secondary to combining psilocybin mushrooms, extended release dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, and tranylcypromine. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024;57(3):297–303. doi:10.1080/02791072.2024.2368617
Bazydlo LAL, Larkey NE. Testing strategies and the emergence of designer benzodiazepines. Clin Lab Med 2025;45(2):305–314. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2025.01.013
Becker AM, Holze F, Grandinetti T, et al. Acute effects of psilocybin after escitalopram or placebo pretreatment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022;111(4):886–895. doi:10.1002/cpt.2487
Bonson KR, Buckholtz JW, Murphy DL. Chronic administration of serotonergic antidepressants attenuates the subjective effects of LSD in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996;14:425–436. doi:10.1016/0893-133X(95)00145-4
Bonson KR, Murphy DL. Alterations in responses to LSD in humans associated with chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors or lithium. Behav Brain Res 1996;73:229–233. doi:10.1016/0166-4328(96)00102-7
Cilia R, Laguna J, Cassani E, et al. Daily intake of Mucuna pruriens in advanced Parkinson's disease: a 16-week, noninferiority, randomized, crossover, pilot study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018;49:60-66. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.01.014
Cilia R, Laguna J, Cassani E, et al. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson disease: a double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover study. Neurology 2017;89(5):432-438. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004175
Correia MS, Gonzaga MJ, Temple C, Gerona RR. Quantitative analysis of recreational psychoactive mushroom gummies in Portland, Oregon. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2025;63(4):261-266. doi:10.1080/15563650.2025.2450240
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Eghdami S, Eissazade N, Heidari Mokarar M, et al. The safety and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine as an augmentation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Front Psychiatry 2024;15:1421150. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1421150
Fisher AA, Purcell P, Le Couteur DG. Toxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38(1):63-6. doi:10.1081/clt-100100919
Gobburu JV, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res 1999;16(9):1412–1416. doi:10.1023/a:1018955126402
Goodwin GM, Croal M, Feifel D, et al. Psilocybin for treatment resistant depression in patients taking a concomitant SSRI medication. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023;48(10):1492–1499. doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01648-7
Gouliaev AH, Senning A. Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1994;19(2):180-222. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)90011-6
Grimley Evans J, Malouf R, Huppert F, van Niekerk JK. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation for cognitive function in healthy elderly people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(4):CD006221. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006221
Gukasyan N, Griffiths RR, Yaden DB, et al. Attenuation of psilocybin mushroom effects during and after SSRI/SNRI antidepressant use. J Psychopharmacol 2023;37:707–716. doi:10.1177/02698811231179910
Guo J, Chen H, Zhang X, et al. The effect of berberine on metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021;2021:2074610. doi:10.1155/2021/2074610
Guo Y, Chen Y, Tan ZR, Klaassen CD, Zhou HH. Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012;68(2):213-7. doi:10.1007/s00228-011-1108-2
Halman A, Kong G, Sarris J, Perkins D. Drug–drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: a systematic review. J Psychopharmacol 2024;38(1):3–18. doi:10.1177/02698811231211219
Hammoud F, Ismail A, Zaher R, El Majzoub R, Abou-Abbas L. Mucuna pruriens treatment for Parkinson disease: a systematic review of clinical trials. Parkinsons Dis 2025;2025:1319419. doi:10.1155/padi/1319419
Han DD, Gu HH. Comparison of the monoamine transporters from human and mouse in their sensitivities to psychostimulant drugs. BMC Pharmacol 2006;6:6. doi:10.1186/1471-2210-6-6
Harvey AL, Young LC, Viljoen AM, Gericke NP. Pharmacological actions of the South African medicinal and functional food plant Sceletium tortuosum and its principal alkaloids. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;137(3):1124-9. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.035
Isbell H, Wolbach AB, Wikler A, Miner EJ. Cross tolerance between LSD and psilocybin. Psychopharmacologia 1961;2:147–159. doi:10.1007/BF00407974
Jamshidi N, Cohen MM. The clinical efficacy and safety of tulsi in humans: a systematic review of the literature. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017;2017:9217567. doi:10.1155/2017/9217567
Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity: a phase 2 trial. N Engl J Med 2023;389(6):514–526. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2301972
Javitt DC, Zukin SR. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148(10):1301–1308. doi:10.1176/ajp.148.10.1301
Jouney EA. Phenibut (beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid): an easily obtainable 'dietary supplement' with propensities for physical dependence and addiction. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019;21(4):23. doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1009-0
Keeler MH. Chlorpromazine antagonism of psilocybin effect. Int J Neuropsychiatry 1967;3:66–71.
Knuijver T, Schellekens A, Belgers M, et al. Safety of ibogaine administration in detoxification of opioid-dependent individuals: a descriptive open-label observational study. Addiction 2022;117(1):118–128. doi:10.1111/add.15448
Koenig X, Hilber K. The anti-addiction drug ibogaine and the heart: a delicate relation. Molecules 2015;20(2):2208–2228. doi:10.3390/molecules20022208
Kuc J, Kettner H, Rosas F, et al. Psychedelic experience dose-dependently modulated by cannabis: results of a prospective online survey. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022;239(5):1425–1440. doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05999-1
Kwon O, Kim Y, Paek JH, et al. Chaga mushroom-induced oxalate nephropathy that clinically manifested as nephrotic syndrome: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022;101(10):e28997. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000028997
Lee MS, Lee HW, You S, Ha KT. The use of maca (Lepidium meyenii) to improve semen quality: a systematic review. Maturitas 2016;92:64-69. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.07.013
Leisegang K, Finelli R, Sikka SC, Panner Selvam MK. Eurycoma longifolia (Jack) improves serum total testosterone in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022;58(8):1047. doi:10.3390/medicina58081047
Liu S, O'Donnell J, Gladden RM, McGlone L, Chowdhury F. Trends in nonfatal and fatal overdoses involving benzodiazepines — 38 states and the District of Columbia, 2019–2020. MMWR 2021;70(34):1136–1141. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7034a2
Manevski N, Kurkela M, Höglund C, et al. Glucuronidation of psilocin and 4-hydroxyindole by the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38(3):386–395. doi:10.1124/dmd.109.031138
Martin R, Buffenstein I, Cho D, Kiyokawa M. Toxidrome of an easily obtainable nootropic: a case report of phenibut intoxication and withdrawal delirium. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2023;43(6):507-510. doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000001759
Mathews IM, Eastwood J, Lamport DJ, et al. Clinical efficacy and tolerability of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in psychological well-being: a review. Nutrients 2024;16(20):3545. doi:10.3390/nu16203545
Morgan A, Stevens J. Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16(7):753-9. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0342
Moss MJ, Hendrickson RG. Toxicity of muscimol and ibotenic acid containing mushrooms reported to a regional poison control center from 2002-2016. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019;57(2):99-103. doi:10.1080/15563650.2018.1497169
Mukai T, Kishi T, Matsuda Y, Iwata N. A meta-analysis of inositol for depression and anxiety disorders. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014;29(1):55-63. doi:10.1002/hup.2369
Nass R, et al. Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults. Ann Intern Med 2008;149(9):601–611. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00003
Nayak SM, Gukasyan N, Barrett FS, et al. Classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium, but not lamotrigine, is associated with seizures. Pharmacopsychiatry 2021. doi:10.1055/a-1524-2794
Ochi T, Sakamoto M, Minamida A, et al. Syntheses and properties of the major hydroxy metabolites in humans of blonanserin AD-5423. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005;15:1055. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.028
Olatunji TL, Siebert F, Adetunji AE, et al. Sceletium tortuosum: a review on its phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, biological and clinical activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;280:114476. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114476
Papaseit E, Farré M, Pérez-Mañá C, et al. Acute pharmacological effects of 2C-B in humans: an observational study. Front Pharmacol 2018;9:206. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00206
Penzak SR, Bulloch M. Phenibut: review and pharmacologic approaches to treating withdrawal. J Clin Pharmacol 2024;64(6):652-671. doi:10.1002/jcph.2414
Poklis JL, Mulder HA, Halquist MS, et al. The blue lotus flower (Nymphea caerulea) resin used in a new type of electronic cigarette, the re-buildable dripping atomizer. J Psychoactive Drugs 2017;49(3):175-181. doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1290304
Pokorny T, Preller KH, Kraehenmann R, Vollenweider FX. Modulatory effect of the 5-HT1A agonist buspirone and the mixed non-hallucinogenic 5-HT1A/2A agonist ergotamine on psilocybin-induced psychedelic experience. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016;26:756–766. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.005
Resnick O, Krus DM, Raskin M. LSD-25 action in normal subjects treated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Life Sci 1964;3:1207–1214.
Rosenblat JD, et al. Antidepressant effects of psilocybin in the absence of psychedelic effects. Am J Psychiatry 2023 (letter). doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20220835
Sarparast A, Thomas K, Malcolm B, Stauffer CS. Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review. Psychopharmacology 2022;239(6):1945–1976. doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06083-y
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Tap SC, Thomas K, Páleníček T, et al. Concomitant use of antidepressants and classic psychedelics: a scoping review. J Psychopharmacol 2025. doi:10.1177/02698811251368360
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Thomann J, Kolaczynska KE, Stoeckmann OV, et al. In vitro and in vivo metabolism of psilocybin’s active metabolite psilocin. Front Pharmacol 2024;15:1391689. doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1391689
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Vojtěchovský M, Hort V, Šafratová V. Influence of MAO inhibitors on psilocybine induced psychosis. Activitas Nervosa Superior 1968;10(3):278–279 (via Tap 2025).
Volak LP, Ghirmai S, Cashman JR, Court MH. Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos 2008;36(8):1594–1605. doi:10.1124/dmd.108.020552
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Wolbach AB, Isbell H, Miner EJ. Cross tolerance between mescaline and LSD-25, with a comparison of the mescaline and LSD reactions. Psychopharmacologia 1962;3:1–14. doi:10.1007/BF00413101
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Before you startTerms v2026-10-01

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  1. 01It summarises published evidence and public state rules. It does not decide whether you can safely use psilocybin or take part in services, and it is not medical advice.
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